| Alabama | Registration fee: $23–$105 | Yearly | VIN inspection: At the county vehicle licensing office |
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| Alaska | $20 | N/A | VIN inspection: Only required in select situations, including if you need to get a VIN number for your vehicle or home-built trailer, register a reconstructed vehicle, purchased a vehicle from an impound lien, imported a car from another country, or purchased a vehicle through a U.S. Government auction |
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| Arizona | $12–$25 | Every one to two years, but every year for diesel vehicles | Emissions test: For vehicles in Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas |
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| Arkansas | N/A | N/A | Not required, unless registering an out-of-state vehicle for the first time |
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| California | Smog test: $20–$70 VIN inspection: Part of $65 registration fee | Every two years or upon registration renewal | Smog test: For gas, hybrid, and alternative fuel vehicles more than 8 years old and with a model year of 1976 or newer, and diesel-powered vehicles from 1996 or newer or with a gross vehicle weight rating under 14,000 pounds VIN inspection: Upon vehicle registration and renewal |
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| Colorado | Emissions test: $15–$25 VIN inspection: $25 | Every two years for most vehicles, but yearly for model years 1981 and older | Emissions test: For gas vehicles at least 7 years old with a model year of 1982 or newer), hybrid vehicles 8 years and older, and certain vehicles registered as a “collector’s item” |
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| Connecticut | Emissions test: $20 VIN inspection: $10 | Every two years | Emissions test: For gas and hybrid vehicles at least 3 years old (model year of 1996 and newer) VIN inspection: For out-of-state vehicles before registration (otherwise done as part of emissions test) |
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| Delaware | Part of $40 registration fee | Every two years | Safety and emissions test: For gas vehicles (model year of 1969 and newer) and diesel vehicles (model year of 1998 and newer) |
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| Florida | N/A | N/A | VIN inspection and odometer verification: Required when registering an out-of-state vehicle |
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| Georgia | $25 | Yearly | Emissions test: For gas vehicles, excluding brand-new vehicles up to 3 years old (model year of 1999 or newer) |
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| Hawaii | Cost varies by inspector | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles |
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| Idaho | N/A | N/A | VIN inspection: Upon registration |
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| Illinois | Emissions test and VIN inspection: $20 | Every two years, with certain exceptions | VIN inspection: Required prior to emissions test Emissions test: All gas vehicles at least 4 years old (model year of 1996 or newer) in Chicago and Metro-East St. Louis |
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| Indiana | Emissions test: Free, but inspectors may charge convenience fees VIN inspection: Free | Every two years | Emissions test: For all vehicles in Lake and Porter counties (model year of 1975 and newer) VIN inspection: For vehicles with out-of-state titles |
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| Iowa | N/A | N/A | VIN inspection: Most common for homebuilt vehicles, homemade trailers weighing more than 2,000 lbs., older vehicles from another state, and salvage vehicles |
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| Kansas | $20 | N/A | VIN inspection: For vehicles with an out-of-state title, vehicles from a foreign country, and a vehicle assembled, reconstructed, reconstituted, or restored from one or more vehicles |
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| Kentucky | $5–$15 | N/A | VIN inspection: For out-of-state vehicles |
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| Louisiana | $18 | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For all gas vehicles at least 2 years old (model year 1980 or newer) in the five Baton Rouge parishes |
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| Maine | $12.50–$18.50 | Yearly | Safety test: All vehicles Emissions test: For vehicles registered in Cumberland County |
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| Maryland | Safety test: Cost varies by inspector Emissions test: $10–$14 | Safety test: Prior to vehicle sale or transfer Emissions test: Every 2 years or 72 months after titling for new vehicles | Safety test: For most vehicles prior to transfer of ownership Emissions test: For all gas and hybrid vehicles at least 3 years old (1996 or newer) in 14 counties |
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| Massachusetts | $35 | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For vehicles less than 15 years old |
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| Michigan | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| Minnesota | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| Mississippi | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| Missouri | Safety test: $12 Emissions test: $24 VIN inspection: Part of $14.50 title fee | Every two years | Safety test: For all vehicles at least 11 years old or with 150,000 miles Emissions test: For most vehicles with over 40,000 miles in St. Louis, St. Charles, or Jefferson counties and St. Louis City |
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| Montana | Part of $28–$217 registration fee | N/A | VIN inspection: For vehicles undergoing certain types of registrations, vehicles with out-of-state titles, and more |
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| Nebraska | $10 | N/A | VIN inspection and odometer verification: For all out-of-state vehicles and salvaged vehicles |
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| Nevada | Emissions testing: $64–$123 (varies by county) VIN inspection: Part of $33 registration fee | Yearly | Emissions test: For all gas- or diesel-powered vehicles (model year 1968 or newer) in Las Vegas and Reno metros at least 3 years old and hybrid vehicles at least 5 years old |
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| New Hampshire | $20–$50 (varies by inspector) | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For all vehicles less than 20 years old |
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| New Jersey | Free at state sites, but a fee varies by inspector at private state inspection stations | Every two years for most vehicles; new vehicles receive a five-year inspection | Emissions test: For all gas vehicles (model 1996 or newer) and diesel vehicles (model 1996 or newer) that weigh less than 8,500 pounds |
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| New Mexico | Emissions test: $15–$25 plus tax (varies by inspector) VIN inspection: Part of $27–$124 registration fee | Every two years | Emissions test: All gas vehicles at least 4 years old (model year 1986 or newer) in Bernalillo County VIN inspection: For all out-of-state vehicles |
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| New York | Safety test: $10 Emissions test: $11 to $27 | Yearly or when ownership is transferred | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For all vehicles between 2 and 25 years old that use gas or diesel (1997 or newer) Both inspections must be done at the same time |
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| North Carolina | Safety test: $13.60, plus $10 for tinted windows when applicable Emissions test: $30 | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles less than 35 years old Emissions test: For all gas-powered vehicles (3 to 19 years old or with more than 70,000 miles) in 19 counties |
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| North Dakota | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| Ohio | Emission: Free VIN: Varies | Every two years | Emissions test: For all vehicles 4–25 years old in seven counties and the Cleveland/Akron metro VIN inspection: For all out-of-state vehicles |
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| Oklahoma | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| Oregon | $20–$25 | Every two years | Emissions test: For all vehicles in Medford and Portland metropolitan areas VIN inspection: For all out-of-state vehicles |
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| Pennsylvania | Varies by inspector | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For all gas vehicles at least 1 year old with more than 5,000 miles (model 1975 or newer) in certain regions, including South Central, Northern, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia |
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| Rhode Island | Safety and emissions test: $55 VIN inspection: Varies by police department | Every two years | Safety test: For all vehicles at least 2 years old or with more than 24,000 miles Emissions test: For all vehicles at least 2 years old (model 1996 and newer for gas vehicles and 1997 for diesel vehicles) VIN inspection: For all out-of-state vehicles (model year 2001 and newer) |
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| South Carolina | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| South Dakota | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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| Tennessee | N/A | N/A | No statewide requirement, but some counties require regular emissions testing |
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| Texas | $18.50–$25.50 | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For all gas vehicles 2–24 years old in 17 countries |
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| Utah | Emissions test: $15–$45 (depends on inspector) VIN inspection: Included in titling fee | Every two years | Emissions test: For all gas vehicles at least 6 years old (model year 1968 or newer) in Cache, Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties; diesel vehicles (model year 1998 or newer) in Utah county only VIN inspection: For all out-of-state vehicles |
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| Vermont | Depends on the inspector | Yearly | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For all gas vehicles 16 years old or newer |
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| Virginia | Safety test: $20 Emissions test: $30 | Safety test: Yearly Emissions test: Every two years | Safety test: For all vehicles Emissions test: For all gas vehicles less than 25 years old and all diesel vehicles (model years 1997 or newer) in Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, Stafford, and five northern Virginia cities |
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| Washington | N/A | N/A | VIN inspection: For salvage vehicles |
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| Washington, D.C. | N/A | Every two years | All vehicles need to pass federally mandated emissions inspections every two years |
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| West Virginia | $14.66 | Every two years | Safety test: For all vehicles |
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| Wisconsin | Emission test: Free | Every two years | Emissions test: For all gas vehicles 3 years or older (model year 1996 or newer) and all diesel vehicles (model year 2007 or newer) in Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, and Waukesha counties |
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| Wyoming | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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