What Does Hazard Insurance Cover?

Hazard insurance pays to repair or rebuild your home after damage from an unexpected incident, such as a fire or severe storm.^[1] 

This may be the best way to protect your investment in your home while you have a mortgage loan on the property. It also protects your lender’s investment. That’s why mortgage companies generally require borrowers to carry hazard insurance throughout the entire term of their home loan.

Here’s what you need to know about hazard insurance, and how comparing home insurance quotes can help you find affordable coverage.

Is hazard insurance the same as homeowners insurance?

Hazard insurance comprises the dwelling part of your homeowners insurance policy, which covers the structure of your home.^[2]

Homeowners insurance, including the hazard coverage, covers damage and losses resulting from unexpected events called perils and hazards. While some insurance companies use the terms interchangeably, others refer to perils as “events that directly cause damage” and hazards as “situations that can lead to perils.” Fire, for example, is a peril. Severe weather is a hazard that can lead to a peril, such as a lightning strike or flooding.

Common home insurance perils

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Why hazard insurance is required

Mortgage lenders require borrowers to have hazard insurance because, without it, the owner might not be able to afford rebuilding costs if a covered peril damages or destroys the house.

In these cases, you’ll have to provide proof of hazard insurance before you can close on your mortgage loan. And if you make “PITI” mortgage payments — principal, interest, taxes, and insurance — to your lender, you’ll pay at least part of this annual premium into an escrow account at closing. Your lender will then pay your homeowners insurance company, as well as your property taxes, from these escrowed funds.

What hazard insurance covers

Most hazard insurance covers losses and damage to the structure of your home from a standard list of 16 perils. These perils include common occurrences, such as fire, lightning strikes, falling objects, smoke, wind, hail, vandalism, theft, certain types of water damage, and damage from the weight of snow. Less common perils, such as explosions, riots, and damage from aircraft and volcanic eruptions, are also included.

However, your home’s structure isn’t the only thing your homeowners insurance covers. In fact, homeowners policies provide four major types of coverage:

• 

  Liability

  Liability insurance protects you if someone sues you because of bodily injury or property damage that you or a member of your household causes.

• 

  Dwelling

  Dwelling coverage is the hazard portion of your homeowners insurance. Many policies also cover other buildings, such as a shed or detached garage, if it’s located on your property.

• 

  Personal property

  Personal property coverage pays for losses and damage to your personal belongings resulting from a covered peril. Insurance companies usually limit this coverage to 50% to 70% of your dwelling coverage, according to the Insurance Information Institute.^[3]

• 

  Additional living expenses

  Additional living expenses coverage pays your living expenses if damage to your home, caused by a covered peril, forces you to live elsewhere while it’s repaired or rebuilt.

What hazard insurance doesn’t cover

Homeowners insurance in general, and hazard insurance in particular, has exclusions you should be aware of.

Flood damage, for example, generally requires a separate policy. You can purchase flood insurance through the United States government’s National Flood Insurance Program or from some private insurance companies.

Earthquake damage is also excluded from coverage under standard homeowners insurance policies. If you’re in a high-risk area for earthquakes, you can add this coverage as an endorsement to your homeowners policy. You can also purchase coverage as a separate insurance product or, in California, purchase it through an insurance agency that partners with the California Earthquake Authority.^[4]

Other types of earth-related perils, like sinkholes and mudslides, are also excluded from coverage under standard policies.^[5]

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How much hazard insurance costs

Hazard insurance is part of your homeowners insurance policy, so the cost of that coverage is included in your home insurance costs. How much you’ll pay depends on many factors, including how much dwelling coverage you purchase.

Here are the national average annual costs of homeowners insurance by dwelling coverage amount:

• $100,000: $847

• $200,000: $1,300

• $300,000: $1,751

• $400,000: $2,191

• $500,000: $2,665

Other factors affecting the cost of hazard insurance include the cost to rebuild your home, your ZIP code, your coverages and home insurance deductible, area access to fire and other emergency services, and whether you have smoke detectors and other safety equipment installed in your home.

You should also expect to pay higher rates if you have poor credit or a history of filing insurance claims.

Your home insurance company also affects the price you pay for hazard insurance. Note that a company offering higher home insurance rates for one coverage level might be less expensive at another coverage level.

This table illustrates the average rates for hazard insurance offered by top insurers, based on coverage level.

How much hazard insurance do you need?

Determining the amount of hazard insurance you need is perhaps the most important part of selecting insurance.

It’s a good idea to consider a worst-case scenario — the total destruction of your home — and the cost to rebuild it when deciding how much insurance to buy.

A local contractor can give you a general price per square foot for the size and style of home you have. Multiply that by your home’s square footage to get a rough idea of building costs. Then, reach out to an insurance agent to customize that figure according to your home’s features and your budget.

Another way to customize your quote is to explore the various types of coverage companies offer.

Here’s a brief look at three.

Extended replacement cost

Extended replacement cost coverage pays to rebuild your home to the way it was before the damage, up to a certain percentage above the coverage limits.

Guaranteed replacement cost

Guaranteed replacement cost is similar to extended replacement cost except that the coverage is not capped. This makes guaranteed replacement cost coverage a good hedge against soaring construction costs following a natural disaster.

Actual cash value

Actual cash value coverage pays up to the depreciated value of your home. It’s a lower level of coverage that can leave you with out-of-pocket expenses because it pays you for what your items are worth now, not their original purchase price.

Hazard insurance FAQs